/ scroll down a bit to avoid visual glitch when the screen
// area shrinks by one row
std::cout << "\n";

// save cursor
std::cout << "\0337";

// set scroll region (this will place the cursor in the top left)
std::cout << "\033[0;" << std::to_string(nr_rows - 1) << "r";

// restore cursor but ensure its inside the scrolling area
std::cout << "\0338";
static const char *move_cursor_up = "\033[1A";
std::cout << move_cursor_up;

printf >&2 '%s: reading from stdin...' "$(basename "$0")"
stdin=$(cat <&0)
printf >&2 '\r\033[0K'

echo "$stdin"

From an end-user perspective, the TTY system in Linux (or any POSIX-like OS) is both functional and intuitive. For example, the input you type in usually goes to the process you expect it to go to, CTRL+Z usually suspends the process you expect to see suspended, CTRL+C usually interrupts the process you expect to see interrupted, and so on.

The TTY subsystem is central to the design of Linux, and UNIX in general. Unfortunately, its importance is often overlooked, and it is difficult to find good introductory articles about it. I believe that a basic understanding of TTYs in Linux is essential for the developer and the advanced user.

Check if stdout is a tty , from different languages.